Rancidity caused by hydrolysis is called hydrolytic rancidity. Hydrolytic rancidity can be defined to the odor that developed when triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids are released.
For example, rice bran. As a food ingredient, its use is severely limited by its high susceptibility to developing hydrolytic rancidity. During the milling process, rice bran lipids come into contact with lipases that rapidly hydrolyze the ester bonds of triacylglycerol (esterase activity), releasing fatty acids (known as free fatty acids), and glycerol.
The free fatty acids increase acidity, generate unacceptable functional properties, and produce undesirable organoleptic characteristics.
One of the common and important off-flavors in milk is hydrolytic rancidity or lipolyzed flavor. The enzymes responsible for the detrimental effects of lipolysis are of two main types: those indigenous to milk, and those of microbial origin. The major indigenous milk enzyme is lipoprotein lipase.
The rancidity results from hydrolytic cleavage of fatty acids from milk fat by the enzyme lipase and their release as free acids. The release of these acids in milk, even in very small amounts, imparts a bitter taste and a sharp, unpleasant aroma.
Hydrolytic rancidity in rice bran and milk
